he works behind the memory pages, in date order, from Ebbinghaus's self-experiments to engrams. Every DOI was checked against Crossref; books are standard editions. The notes are our summaries, not quotations.

1. Ebbinghaus (1885). Über das Gedächtnis. Leipzig: Duncker & Humblot. English translation by H. A. Ruger & C. E. Bussenius, Memory: A Contribution to Experimental Psychology, Teachers College, Columbia University, 1913; transcribed at Classics in the History of Psychology. psychclassics.yorku.ca/Ebbinghaus/index.htm
   One man, thousands of nonsense syllables, and the method of savings. The first quantitative study of memory. Used in: Ebbinghaus
2. Müller & Pilzecker (1900). Experimentelle Beiträge zur Lehre vom Gedächtniss. Zeitschrift für Psychologie, Ergänzungsband 1.
   Retroactive interference and the idea that memories need time to set: consolidation. Used in: the memory drum
3. Bartlett (1932). Remembering: A Study in Experimental and Social Psychology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. (No free stable copy that we could verify; the scanned copies we found are lending-only.)
   Remembering as reconstruction, guided by schemas and shaped by culture. Used in: archive page
4. Scoville & Milner (1957). Loss of recent memory after bilateral hippocampal lesions. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry. doi:10.1136/jnnp.20.1.11
   The case of H.M.: memory can fail selectively, and the hippocampus matters for forming new long-term memories. Used in: timeline
5. Sperling (1960). The information available in brief visual presentations. Psychological Monographs: General and Applied. doi:10.1037/h0093759
   Partial report and the brief, rich visual store. Used in: archive page
6. Tulving (1972). Episodic and semantic memory. In E. Tulving & W. Donaldson (eds), Organization of Memory. New York: Academic Press.
   Episodic versus semantic memory: the distinction that organised the field for decades. Used in: timeline
7. Loftus & Palmer (1974). Reconstruction of automobile destruction: An example of the interaction between language and memory. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior. doi:10.1016/S0022-5371(74)80011-3
   Leading questions change what witnesses later report. The start of the misinformation paradigm. Used in: hallucination
8. Roediger & McDermott (1995). Creating false memories: Remembering words not presented in lists. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition. doi:10.1037/0278-7393.21.4.803
   Confident memories of a word never shown, from lists of its associates: false memory in a single lab session. Used in: Bartlett
9. Schacter (1999). The seven sins of memory: Insights from psychology and cognitive neuroscience. American Psychologist. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.54.3.182
   A taxonomy of memory's failures, argued to be by-products of an adaptive, constructive system. Used in: timeline
10. Nader, Schafe & Le Doux (2000). Fear memories require protein synthesis in the amygdala for reconsolidation after retrieval. Nature. doi:10.1038/35021052
    Recalled memories become fragile again in rats; reconsolidation enters neuroscience. Used in: glossary
11. Talarico & Rubin (2003). Confidence, Not Consistency, Characterizes Flashbulb Memories. Psychological Science. doi:10.1111/1467-9280.02453
    Flashbulb memories decline like ordinary ones; only confidence stays high. Used in: calibration
12. Hardwicke, Taqi & Shanks (2016). Postretrieval new learning does not reliably induce human memory updating via reconsolidation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. doi:10.1073/pnas.1601440113
    A series of experiments, including close replications, that failed to find reconsolidation-based updating in human memory. Used in: glossary
13. Wixted, Mickes & Fisher (2018). Rethinking the Reliability of Eyewitness Memory. Perspectives on Psychological Science. doi:10.1177/1745691617734878
    Eyewitness memory reconsidered: first tests, properly run, are more reliable than the field had assumed. Used in: signal detection
14. Josselyn & Tonegawa (2020). Memory engrams: Recalling the past and imagining the future. Science. doi:10.1126/science.aaw4325
    What engram studies in animals have shown, and what they claim about remembering and imagining. Used in: timeline

see also

	timeline: memory — the same story by date
	the memory drum
	toys